For 25 years, Education About Asia Editor Dr. Lucien Ellington has interviewed the winners of the Franklin R. Buchanan Prize, awarded annually to recognize an outstanding pedagogical, instructional, or curriculum publication on Asia designed for K–12 and college undergraduate instructors and students. The 2021 winner was SPICE’s Rylan Sekiguchi for the online curriculum package What Does It Mean to Be an American? This was the third time that Sekiguchi has won the Prize.

Developed by the Mineta Legacy Project in partnership with SPICE, this free educational curriculum offers six lessons for educators, high school students, and college students to examine what it means to be American. The six lessons focus on immigration, civil liberties & equity, civic engagement, justice & reconciliation, leadership, and U.S.–Japan relations.

The six standards-aligned lessons use primary source materials, interactive exercises, and personal videos that connect to students’ lives and showcase a diverse range of American voices—from young adults to former U.S. Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, whose replies to “What does it mean to be an American?” are highlighted here.

The full interview can be found here.

Through the droning mumble of a crowd, I heard the faint sound of a shamisen. A loud smack followed by excited shouts distracted me; a sumo wrestler meandered away from the scene. The unfamiliar talking robots, bunraku puppet theater performances, and sumo wrestling that I first encountered at the “Bridges to Japan” cultural exhibit at the Indiana State Fair fostered a general interest in East Asia, which later evolved into a passion for Japan, U.S.–Japan relations, and international affairs.

Entering high school, I read every book on Japan in my local library and developed a passion for Shingon Buddhism. Joining the Reischauer Scholars Program (RSP), an online program for U.S. high school students nationwide to learn about Japan and U.S.–Japan relations, gave me the opportunity to turn my passion into a career.

Across the program’s 13 units, I learned about Japan’s modern history, culture, politics, and society. Along the way, I developed an interest in the program’s namesake—U.S. Ambassador to Japan Edwin O. Reischauer. Lectures from national renowned scholars on U.S.–Japan relations and conversations with Japanese students in the RSP’s sister program, e-Japan, let me compare the public education systems of the U.S. and Japan and better understand my background as a homeschooler from the American Midwest. As I presented my end-of-course research for the RSP to former Consul General Jun Yamada and Ambassador (Ret.) Michael Armacost, I knew I wanted to dedicate my life to U.S.–Japan relations, driving me to pursue a career in international affairs inspired by Ambassador Reischauer’s legacy.

I have drawn from what I learned in the RSP every day since completing the program. Majoring in East Asian Languages and Cultures at Indiana University, the RSP provided me with a strong foundation to study and research the political and economic environment of East Asia. Working at U.S. Embassy Tokyo, I used my knowledge of U.S.–Japan trade relations when writing one pagers and daily action reports for the Embassy’s Economic Section. At the Edwin O. Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), I directly contributed to the sustainment of Amb. Reischauer’s legacy by conducting research on East Asian political economy and technology policy with the center’s director—the last PhD student of Amb. Reischauer. I never would have known about these opportunities without the RSP.

As I begin working with the U.S. Department of State’s Office of Japanese Affairs this coming summer, I will try to continue honoring the Reischauer legacy through my work. The RSP fundamentally changed the course of my life and set me on the path I walk today. It gave me the tools and knowledge I needed to succeed and gave me exposure to Japan during my high school studies that wouldn’t have been possible in-person in my home state of Indiana. For any high school student interested in East Asia, there is no better way to learn about Japan, U.S.–Japan relations, and East Asia.

Yo-Yo Ma conceived Silkroad in 1998 “as a reminder that even as rapid globalization resulted in division, it brought extraordinary possibilities for working together. Seeking to understand this dynamic, he recognized the historical Silk Road as a model for cultural collaboration—for the exchange of ideas, tradition, and innovation across borders. In a groundbreaking experiment, he brought together musicians from the lands of the Silk Road to co-create a new artistic idiom: a musical language founded in difference, a metaphor for the benefits of a more connected world.”[1] The Stanford Program on International and Cross-Cultural Education has been collaborating with Silkroad since 2002.

On April 6, 2022, Silkroad will be performing at Stanford University. Silkroad Ensemble: Home Within will feature Syrian-born clarinetist and composer Kinan Azmeh and Syrian Armenian visual artist Kevork Mourad. Azmeh’s and Mourad’s bios on the Silkroad website read in part:

Hailed as a “virtuoso, intensely soulful” by The New York Times and “spellbinding” by The New Yorker. Syrian-born, Brooklyn-based genre-bending composer and clarinetist Kinan Azmeh has been touring the globe with great acclaim as a soloist, composer and improviser… He is a graduate of The Juilliard School, the Damascus High Institute of Music, and Damascus University’s School of Electrical Engineering. Kinan holds a doctorate in music from the City University of New York.

Kevork Mourad was born in Kamechli, Syria. Of Armenian origin, he received an MFA from the Yerevan Institute of Fine Arts and now lives and works in New York. His past and current projects include the Cirène project with members of Brooklyn Rider at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the multimedia play Lost Spring (2015) with Anaïs Alexandra Tekerian, at the MuCEM, Gilgamesh (2003) and Home Within (2013) with Kinan Azmeh in Damascus and at the Brooklyn Museum of Art, among others…

In 2016, SPICE developed a study guide to accompany Art in a Time of Crisis, a conversation between Kinan Azmeh and Yo-Yo Ma about what it means to create art in the face of crisis and violence at home. The interview and study guide are recommended for music, social studies, and language arts courses at the high school level and above. Please note that neither the interview nor study guide delves into the specifics of the Syrian uprising in March 2011 and the Syrian Civil War.

The focusing questions in the study guide are:

• What is the meaning of “crisis”?
• What are some examples of times of crisis?
• What are some ways to deal with crisis?
• What role can art play during times of crisis?
• What can an individual do to help facilitate change?
   

I believe that comments from Kinan Azmeh and Yo-Yo Ma can inspire youth to consider the importance of these questions in their lives and the relevance of these questions to the events unfolding in the world today and to consider art as a form of soft power. I admire how they seek to empower and offer youth hope. During a segment of the interview, Yo-Yo Ma asks,

Kinan Azmeh replied, “Absolutely. But... the first thing on your mind is not ‘Let me create beauty.’ I think creating beauty or whatever moves people [is] the side effect of you being passionately involved in doing what you’re doing.” After students view the interview, I wonder how they might reply to Yo-Yo Ma’s question.

On March 22, 2022, APARC's Japan Program welcomed a delegation from the Embassy of Japan in the United States and the Consulate-General of Japan in San Francisco, including Ambassador Koji Tomita and Consul-General Hiroshi Kawamura, who met with a joint panel of scholars and administrators from Stanford and the University of California, Berkeley for a discussion about fostering a greater understanding of Japan studies in the United States.

APARC Deputy Director and Japan Program Director Kiyoteru Tsutsui presented data on enrollment and employment statistics for Japanese studies in higher education. According to the report, Japanese studies have been in a slow state of decline since the late 1980s, when many in the United States viewed Japan as an economic threat and the country was not as well-understood as it is today. Despite this decline, students today are still very interested in studying Japan and are eager to visit the country.

Naomi Funahashi, Manager of the Reischauer Scholars Program and Teacher Professional Development at the Stanford Program on International and Cross-Cultural Education (SPICE), presented outcomes from SPICE's outreach efforts and promotion of Japanese studies in the K-14 context. Funahashi indicated strong interest in and engagement with SPICE curricular units focused on Japan and with its local student programs in six regions, one university, and two high schools in Japan.

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Professor Junko Habu, Chair of the Center for Japanese Studies (CJS) and Professor of Anthropology at UC Berkeley, along with Kumi Sawada Hadler, Program Director of CJS, described logistical challenges Japan scholars have faced during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the inability to access the country under lockdown, and indicated that, across the board, universities are not providing as much support for Japanese studies as they used to, especially in terms of endowed faculty positions and departmental "slots" specifically for Japan specialists.

Ambassador Tomita and Consul-General Kawamura agreed that more support was needed to bolster scholarships of Japan. Ambassador Tomita stated that over his long career, he has seen the theoretical focus of Japan studies in the United States shift away from bilateral relations between the two countries toward the region at large. He noted that the public discussion is increasingly directed at Japan as part of a broader complex of nations in East Asia. Consul-General Kawamura indicated that the pandemic has posed a host of challenges for his office but that Japan will continue to open its doors to scholars in the future. 

The meeting concluded with a reaffirmation of the longstanding and crucial relationship between the two nations and of the importance of Japan studies in the United States in fostering fruitful collaboration between the two nations. 

Stanford e-Fukuoka is an online course that SPICE offers to high school students in Fukuoka Prefecture. Taught by Kasumi Yamashita, Stanford e-Fukuoka was launched this year with the support of the Fukuoka Prefectural Government and the U.S. Consulate Fukuoka. SPICE is grateful to Governor Seitaro Hattori and Principal Officer John C. Taylor for their vision and leadership. SPICE is grateful to Yuki Kondo-Shah, Public Affairs Officer, U.S. Consulate Fukuoka for her initiative and dedication to make this course a reality. SPICE is also appreciative of Chie Inuzuka, Director, Fukuoka American Center, who serves as a liaison between Fukuoka and SPICE for her unwavering support.

The Japanese proverb, 見ぬが花 (minu ga hana) or “Not seeing is a flower,” is sometimes translated as “Reality is never as good as one’s imagination.” This proverb crossed my mind during the lead-up to the opening ceremony for Stanford e-Fukuoka because the synergy leading up to the opening ceremony seemed almost too ideal.

Since 2019, Yuki Kondo-Shah has served as a guest speaker for SPICE’s Stanford e-Japan, a national online course for Japanese high school students that is supported by the Yanai Tadashi Foundation. When Kondo-Shah and I spoke a year ago about the possibility of launching Stanford e-Fukuoka, we spoke not only about Fukuoka as a breeding ground of new startups and innovation with ties to Silicon Valley, but also about the fact that many thousands of early immigrants to the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries trace their roots to the prefecture—thus, establishing a unique historical link between Fukuoka and the Japanese American community.

As Kondo-Shah and I spoke about the possibility of launching Stanford e-Fukuoka, my colleague, Kasumi Yamashita, was the instructor whom I had in mind from the outset. Yamashita had been on the Japan Exchange and Teaching (JET) Program in Fukuoka Prefecture for several years and I knew of her strong emotional ties to the prefecture. Once the course was approved by Governor Seitaro Hattori, Yamashita immediately accepted the position as instructor.

The opening ceremony was held on March 4, 2022 and moderated by Kondo Shah, and three dignitaries made welcoming remarks. First, Governor Hattori stated, “As Governor of Fukuoka, I take on the challenge set before me to foster the next generation of Fukuoka’s leaders who can compete in the global marketplace and be called upon by the international community. To ensure Fukuoka’s engagement in the global arena, we must gain multicultural competence and exchange ideas with people of diverse backgrounds. We must nurture our students to become global citizens.”

Second, Principal Officer Taylor noted the vision to make Fukuoka “an international hub” and how Stanford e-Fukuoka students “will become young leaders who will contribute to the growth and internationalization of the city… I believe that this Stanford program is a wonderful investment of your time and a way to gain those important skills.”

Third, Ambassador Emanuel expressed that “Throughout the last two and a half years, many of you have faced incredible challenges. But, here you are today, taking advantage of this exceptional international exchange program with one of America’s greatest universities that’s known worldwide… Through this program, you will learn about how important the United States and Japan are to each other. My hope is that you become future leaders to bridge our countries and build bridges of friendship.”

Following these comments, Yamashita shared fond remembrances of her JET Program years in Fukuoka and as she mentioned the schools with which she worked, one could see many nodding heads and smiles among the 30 students. She mapped out her vision for Stanford e-Fukuoka. This was followed by each student sharing his or her ambitions with the course and these prompted nodding heads and smiles among the adults in attendance.

In reality, seeing the ceremony unfold turned out to be even better than I had imagined. The proverb, “Not seeing is a flower,” was disproven on this occasion. In fact, taking part in the ceremony was like seeing 30 cherry blossoms begin to bloom—just as cherry blossom season begins in Fukuoka. With Yamashita’s mentorship and the continued support of the Fukuoka Prefectural Government and U.S. Consulate Fukuoka, I trust that each one will fully bloom during the course itself.

Introduction to Issues in International Security is a collaboration between the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC) and the Stanford Program on International and Cross-Cultural Education (SPICE). Four CISAC scholars are featured in accessible video lectures that aim to introduce high school students to issues in international security and increase awareness of career opportunities available in the field. Free discussion guides, developed by SPICE, are available for all of the lectures in this series.

The CISAC scholars and descriptions of their lectures are listed below.

• Martha Crenshaw: Terrorism and Countertterrorism

Professor Crenshaw explores some fundamental issues about terrorism, such as why people resort to terror, the political goals of terrorism, and the importance of understanding the complex web of relationships among terrorist organizations.

• Rose Gottemoeller: International Security and DPRK’s Nuclear Program

The Honorable Gottemoeller discusses the difference between national and international security. She takes a close look at the nuclear weapons program of North Korea and highlights the possible danger that North Korea’s nuclear weapons could pose to the world, as well as different ways to mitigate this risk.

• Norman Naimark: Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide

Professor Naimark discusses the difference between ethnic cleansing and genocide. He highlights key historical events that have taken place around the world and discusses the “Responsibility to Protect” and how it has shaped the way the international community responds to such atrocities.

• Megan Palmer: Biosecurity

Dr. Palmer discusses how biological threats shape our world—different types of threats and what we can do to prevent and to prepare for them.

An online symposium for high school students from four high schools is being planned for May 2022. They will have the opportunity to meet with one or two of the CISAC scholars to discuss issues in international security and careers in the field of international security. The online symposium is part of CISAC’s and SPICE’s DEI-focused efforts. In the 2022–23 academic year, CISAC and SPICE will invite high school teachers, who introduce the curriculum series, to recommend students to a second online symposium.

For more information about the curriculum series and the 2022–23 symposium, contact Irene Bryant at irene3@stanford.edu.

Among the blank screens and muted microphones that plagued remote high school learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, I enrolled in the Sejong Korea Scholars Program (SKSP) at the Stanford Program on International and Cross-Cultural Education (SPICE) and found a completely opposite learning experience.

My passion for Korean history and geopolitics first began when I learned the Korean alphabet system, Hangul, in my history books for Advanced Placement World History. My class, however, only covered the Han Chinese Dynasty briefly before moving on to Europe. Upon asking if we would return to the Asian continent, my teacher hastily replied that we already covered what we “needed to know to pass the test.”

I needed to learn more than what my classroom provided. Then I discovered SKSP, which provided an opportunity for me to learn from top Korea scholars about various perspectives of Korean history and more. SKSP taught me the rich history of Korea that is not covered by the limited high school academic curricula. After being admitted to the program, I was also honored to accept a scholarship that covered the tuition, given my status as a low-income student.

Classes swiftly started in the spring semester. We received textbooks, log-in information, and a warm welcome. I met the faces of my peers as they voiced their passions and motivations leading them to SKSP. Alongside these top students representing 13 states, I found a rigorous environment and yet never once felt “less than” any of my peers.

Our weekly seminars followed in a highly organized manner and had exceptional professors from across the country. We began with the three ancient kingdoms: Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla, and then delved into post-1900s Korea, Colonial Korean history, the Korean War, the Miracle on the Han River, and the nation’s final emergence as a trillion-dollar economy.

Korean economics was especially intriguing. SKSP allowed me to converse live with leading experts like Professor Danny Leipziger from George Washington University. In his lecture, he described the factors for South Korea’s economic expansion and how they contributed to the nation’s unprecedented global accomplishments. This topic strongly influenced my final research paper on the current housing crisis in Seoul, in which I analyzed how the collaboration of public and private sectors in South Korea created a unique Jeonse, also known as “Key Money Deposit.”

On top of these experiences, the true learning came from our peer review process for our research papers. I read outstanding papers from all of my exemplary peers and observed how each student developed a unique style of incorporating evidence to defend their thesis. Some incorporated game theory and U.S sanctions in their papers.

SKSP provided an otherwise unattainable learning opportunity in terms of intercultural literacy, historical perspective, collaboration, critical thinking, and global awareness. It gave me the chance to develop into an intelligent global citizen, who is able to comprehend alternative views and pursue interests in a career in ambassadorship. As I attend university, I will pursue a double major in Korean Studies and Language and Engineering.

Stanford e-Kobe is an online course for high school students in Kobe City, Japan. Launched in fall 2021, it is offered by the Stanford Program on International and Cross-Cultural Education (SPICE) in collaboration with the Kobe City Government. The Instructor of Stanford e-Kobe is Alison Harsch. One of the key themes of the course is diversity and Hinako Saldi Sato focused her talk on women’s empowerment. SPICE is grateful to Mayor Kizo Hisamoto for his vision and leadership, and to Superintendent Jun Nagata, Board of Education, for his unwavering support. SPICE also greatly appreciates Toshihiro Nishiyama, Board of Education member, and Satoshi Kawasaki and Akito Ojiro, Kobe City staff, who serve as liaisons between SPICE and the Kobe City Government.

Hinako Saldi Sato is musician, educator, marketer, and community leader with a passion to create opportunities and platforms for people around the world to connect and learn through music. After graduating from Berklee College of Music, Hinako gained recognition as a performer with internationally acclaimed acts such as Women of the World, a collective of innovative musicians from across the globe. Between 2016 and 2019, Hinako helped to manage the Boston chapter of Women in Music, which is dedicated to fostering equality in the music industry through the support and advancement of women. In January 2019, Hinako launched Women in Music’s first chapter in Japan, in hopes of contributing to creating a platform that would serve to advance and elevate women’s roles and voices in the music industry. Hinako now works as the marketing lead at the Tokyo-based Ableton KK, the Asia Pacific (APAC) division of the German music software/hardware company.

Hinako shared four reflections on her life experiences that clearly resonated in the 26 students in Stanford e-Kobe and especially among the girls.

• Hinako grew up in an environment where most musicians were male, and she was often the only girl in the room.
• She was fortunate to have been offered multiple opportunities to study and excel in her career—thanks to schools, organizations, and communities that cared about diversity, equity, and inclusion (including being the recipient of both merit-based and need-based scholarships).
• She has witnessed so many women in her life who are struggling or are at disadvantages because of gender roles, gender bias, and other gender-based inequality.
• She didn’t have a role model or someone who was like her until she went to the United States for high school and this reinforced her desire to advocate for greater representation among girls and women.

These four reflections continue to shape her mission in life in multiple ways. As a musician, she has performed with Women of the World, which showcases four different singers from the United States, India, Italy, and Japan. Currently, Women of the World performs in 37 different languages, and Hinako noted that “it’s like you’re in a musical journey around the world.” In teaching, her philosophy is that education is a lot about “leading out” or reinforcing in people what potential they have and what they already know. As a community leader, she has organized groups such as Boston Joshikai, which has the goal of forming a sisterhood among Japanese women residents as a way to build their social capital. Boston Joshikai helps to fight the “scarcity mindset” that sometimes arises when one is a minority in a foreign country. As a public speaker at events such as the International Women in Business Conference 2018, she strives to encourage women to think beyond borders. Finally, at Ableton KK, an important focus of her work is about lowering barriers for people to enter the world of music-making through the use of music technology tools, especially in the education sector.

During the question-and-answer period, student Hinata Ogawa asked, “Can music contribute to women’s empowerment in some way?” Sato replied, “Yes, absolutely. Actually, at Women in Music in Japan we wrote an article about the history of feminism in the music industry, in which we were just touching upon this topic for the Japanese music scene. When you listen to Japanese pop music, for example, the lyrics are mostly about heterosexual relationships like romantic relationships right? But in the U.S., you see a lot of music that talks about female empowerment like Beyonce’s ‘Run the World’ or you know like Sara Bareilles’ ‘Brave.’… There are many examples of how music can be used to empower not just women, but also certain minority groups. And in Japan, if you check out female rappers like hip hop scene, they are speaking out, talking about feminism in the form of rap and it’s quite exciting… like Daimon Yayoi.”

Other student questions and comments focused on the importance of expanding one’s circle or community; the importance of improving child care systems to help women in the workplace and to provide childcare leave systems for fathers; addressing stereotypes of women and the importance of mindset; and addressing gender bias in schools. Instructor Harsch commented, “Listening to the questions and comments by my students made me realize what a great role model Hinako is to them and other youth in Japan who have the good fortune to cross paths with her. Hinako was the final lecturer for this year’s class and I can’t think of a more ideal lecturer given the way that she engaged them to critically think about gender-related issues and self-empowerment.”

Observing the class on women’s empowerment helped me realize that Stanford e-Kobe is empowering students to aspire to “BE KOBE,” the city’s civil pride message to gather the idea that what makes Kobe attractive is the citizens who are proud to take on new challenges. The BE KOBE Monument[1] was installed in the Meriken Park to commemorate the 150th anniversary of opening the Port of KOBE in 2017. I am very confident that the Stanford e-Kobe students will carry the spirit of BE KOBE into their very bright futures.

Back in the late 1930s and early 1940s, when it was still relatively novel to use photographs in the press to inform and influence public opinion and policy, Marion Post Wolcott captured images of life in rural America to galvanize support for the New Deal. She was hired as a photographer for the Farm Security Administration (FSA), a federal agency dedicated to improving the lives of America’s most impoverished farmers. Her images vividly exposed the social and economic conditions wrought by the Great Depression and Dust Bowl, and included tenant farmers, migrant workers, cotton pickers, among others, all living in poverty and racially divided communities.

Only the second woman hired on the project, Marion traveled backroads for weeks on end alone—a brave and determined assignment for a young, white woman at that time. She was influenced early by a traveling mother who pioneered birth control clinics with Margaret Sanger and a loving relationship with her Black caregiver, and was later exposed to progressive ideas, art, and education in New York City and Austria as Hitler rose to power. These experiences helped Marion view inequity and injustice through the lens of race, class, and gender, and her interest in photography deepened as a way to illuminate complex issues and influence social change.

As she traversed the states, hauling her heavy camera, film, light meters, tripods, and flash bulbs, she connected with women and children, entered homes and fields, changed flat tires on creekbed roads, finding creative ways to earn the trust of the people she photographed. In addition to scenes depicting specific, candid moments in U.S. history, her images also captured enduring racial tensions, class discrepancies, and reflections of shared humanity.

At the height of her photographic career, Marion’s professional life suddenly ended in 1942, after she met her husband Lee Wolcott, an assistant to Secretary of Agriculture Henry Wallace and recent widower with two young children. Amid the frenzy of McCarthyism, the Wolcotts opted to leave D.C. and try their hand at farming. Marion put down her camera to focus on the demanding roles of farm wife and mother to her growing family.

Years later, leaving the farm for her husband’s USAID posts in Iran, Egypt, Pakistan, and India, Marion picked up her camera again to capture social and political images. Upon retirement back in the United States, she continued photographing people and activities of personal interest such as anti-war protests and other social movements. Some of these images have been included in exhibits and media as FSA photographs became increasingly featured in present-day discussions. Her FSA film negatives remain archived in the U.S. Library of Congress and her prints are included in major collections including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Smithsonian Institute.

Despite late recognition, Marion often reflected on and grappled with the hard choices women of her generation faced as they tried to balance raising a family with a professional career. A few years before her death in 1990, as a keynote speaker at a Women in Photography Conference, Marion said to her audience:

Marion Post Wolcott is my grandmother and her photographs have been the wallpaper of my life. A tenant farmer’s child with bowed legs from rickets walking down a path of parched earth, migrant vegetable pickers and coal miners, African Americans in fields of cotton and jitterbugging in a juke joint, bountiful landscapes of America the Beautiful (officially requested to reassure and inspire the public), and shots taken for contrast of wealthy patrons at the horseraces and private beach clubs—these are just a few of her images creating a gallery in my home. Marion’s great-granddaughters now ask questions about the scenes and I hear my grandmother’s voice, sense of adventure, humor and deep care as I relate her stories. Despite her compromises and even some regrets, her example of a bold, engaged, and independent woman helped pave the way for generations to come.

SPICE will feature a selection of Marion Post Wolcott’s photographs in an ongoing series along with organizing questions for educators. The themes will relate to those prefaced here—the challenging conditions that spurred the dynamic and far-reaching programs of the New Deal including significant investments in national infrastructure, social security, and public welfare, as well as efforts to change attitudes and inspire compassion toward fellow Americans. The photographs also raise discussions about the influence of an historian’s perspective. For the featured photo in this article, the following questions are recommended:
 

1. This photo was taken when Jim Crow laws were being enforced in the South after the Civil War. What were Jim Crow Laws? What did you first notice in the photo? How does the caption help you understand what was happening at this time in U.S. history? What do you think Marion Post Wolcott was trying to capture in the photograph? How does the photograph help to increase your understanding of written descriptions of Jim Crow laws in your U.S. history textbook?
2. What is the significance of the Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court?
3. What is the significance of the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court? 
4. What acts brought Jim Crow laws to an end?
5. What has been the role of the Supreme Court in shaping the history of segregation in the United States?
6. Do you think the photo relates to African American lives today and/or to related social movements? Why or why not?

Kouji Yamada (MBA, Harvard), former Visiting Lecturer, Hitotsubashi University Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy, is an advisor to Stanford e-Hiroshima. His parents, Ryuji and Nanako, are supporters of Stanford e-Hiroshima, which is an online course that SPICE offers to high school students in Hiroshima. Taught by Rylan Sekiguchi, Stanford e-Hiroshima was launched in 2019 with the support of the Hiroshima Prefectural Board of Education. SPICE is grateful to Governor Hidehiko Yuzaki for his vision and leadership and Superintendent Rie Hirakawa for her unwavering support.

Ryuji Yamada adjusts the window shades to savor the view that grows elusive to his aging eyes. If you gaze towards Diamond Head from the Yamadas’ condominium, kite surfers glide in and out of your perspective in some random Brownian motion; their paths, pace, and direction seem chaotic. They all share the same wind, waves, and current, but the skill of the rider to look ahead and channel the energies around them sends them on very different and wonderful journeys. 

“I was just 14 living in Hiroshima and still a minor when the bomb dropped. My brother was only one year older but considered an adult and was sent on work detail for defense preparations. He had to walk through ground zero to come home. My father had a meeting at City Hall, but the ferry was cancelled. We all survived, but the blast sent us in very different directions.

“They rebuilt the community with their personality, spirit, and bare hands, but I was pushed inward to my studies. I needed to comprehend the natural force that had wrought so much destruction.

“In the sixties, foreign exchange was scarce, and I was one of the first scientists that the Japanese government sponsored to do research abroad. At Cornell, Robert Wilson guided my career and brought me along to establish what became Fermilab in 1967. We built Fermilab as an oasis of fundamental research in the Illinois prairie. We thought that the pursuit of knowledge would unite us. Wilson’s famous defense in April 1969 of Fermilab to Congress seems even more relevant today.

‘Are we good painters, good sculptors, great poets? I mean all the things that we really venerate and honor in our country and are patriotic about. In that sense, this new knowledge has all to do with honor and country, but it has nothing to do directly with defending our country except to help make it worth defending.’”[1]